Data from the British Heart Foundation estimates that roughly 7.6 million individuals in the United Kingdom are living with heart disease. Now scientists have designed an artificial intelligence model that can spot inflammation in the heart, making it easier to identify those at risk of a cardiac arrest.
The focus on inflammation is based on research which has determined that increased inflammation is associated with a heightened risk of fatal heart attacks and cardiovascular disease. The model was developed by Caristo Diagnostics, a startup company under Oxford University.
Scientists are conducting a pilot study at five hospital trusts in Leicester, Oxford, Wolverhampton, Liverpool and Milton Keynes, supported by NHS England. Their objective is to determine the model’s effectiveness, especially when compared to CT scans. As part of their research, scientists used data from individuals in the Orfan study, which involved 40,000 patients. The researchers focused on patients with chest pain who had been referred for routine CT scans.
Patient scans were analyzed by the model, dubbed the CaRi-Heart AI platform, which focused on detecting coronary plaque and inflammation. Once this was done, the scientists evaluated the model’s results to verify accuracy. The scientists discovered that patients who had coronary artery inflammation had a significantly higher risk of succumbing to a heart attack in the next decade.
The research, which was funded by the British Heart Foundation, determined that using the CaRi-Heart AI platform helped these patients obtain accurate diagnoses. In fact, 45% of them were advised to make changes to their lifestyles to reduce the risk of future cardiac events while some were prescribed drugs to manage their current conditions.
One such patient, 58-year-old Ian Pickard of Leicestershire, was advised to increase exercise and quit smoking. He was even prescribed statins, after tests using the artificial intelligence (AI) model determined he had a heightened risk of experiencing a heart attack.
Professor Charalambos Antoniades, who led the Orfan study, stated that this AI technology allowed physicians to observe disease activity in a patient’s arteries prior to the illness’s development. This, he noted, would allow physicians to treat the patient while preventing the illness from developing. University of Oxford professor Keith Channon added that this technology was game changing due to its ability to detect processes preceding the development of blockages or narrowing in the heart, which were invisible to the human eye.
The model is already being adapted to prevent diabetes and stroke, with the National Health Service expected to decide on its use in the next couple of months. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence is also evaluating the technology.
AI is still in its relative infancy, and we can expect many more groundbreaking solutions from the many AI companies such as Palantir Technologies Inc. (NYSE: PLTR) that are working to address the different needs that artificial intelligence can address cost effectively and at scale.
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