New research has found that artificial intelligence (AI) showed a higher creativity level when competing in a series of tests against human participants. The tests, which were designed to evaluate the ability to generate unique solutions, demonstrated that AI could provide more elaborate and original answers.
This research highlights AI’s evolving capabilities in creative domains and also recognizes the lack of agency for AI and difficulties in measuring creativity. Despite demonstrating potential as a tool to improve human creativity, concerns remain about the tole of AI and its integration in creative processes in the future.
The study was authored by psychological science PhD students Kim N. Awa and Kent F. Hubert, both from the University of Arkansas. Assistant professor Darya L. Zabelina of the same institution was also part of the study; Zabelina is also director of the Mechanisms of Creative Cognition and Attention Laboratory.
For their study, the researchers recruited 151 participants to compete against ChatGPT-4 in a series of tests. Their objective was to assess creative potential at the human level, not necessarily individuals who had creative credentials. They had each participant as well as AI complete three tests: the Alternative Use Task, the Consequences Tas, and the Divergent Associations Task.
The Consequences Task asked every participant to imagine potential outcomes of hypothetical situations while the Alternative Use task asked participants to devise creative uses for everyday objects such as forks and ropes. The Divergent Associations task asked each participant to come up with 10 nouns that were as semantically distant as possible.
The answers given were then assessed based on length, number and semantic differences, with researchers discovering that ChatGPT-4 was more original than humans on every divergent thinking task. This is after fluency had been factored in.
In their report, the researchers stated that their findings had some limitations. For instance, the measures used for their research all focused on creative potential, but the involvement of creative achievements or activities were another facet of measuring an individual’s creativity. Awa and Hubert also noted that AI didn’t have agency as did the humans, and AI depended on a human user for assistance. This, they noted, meant that AI’s creative potential was in stagnation unless prompted.
Additionally, the investigators didn’t assess the appropriateness of responses made by AI.
For now, they are focused on examining AI’s future potential as a tool for inspiration or an aid in individual creative processes. The researchers reported their findings in “Scientific Reports.”
The findings of this study provide some positive feedback to AI companies such as International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE: IBM) that have invested heavily in developing and commercializing AI solutions. Such a performance against humans shows that these technologies can be used for more applications.
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